1. Silane coupling agent for thermosetting resin

Thermosetting resin inorganic fillers and inorganic reinforcing materials are the most widely used composite materials together with thermosetting resins, and the application of silane coupling agents in this area is also the earliest and most mature.

Unsaturated polyesters were compared with various unsaturated silane coupling agents on glass fibers in polyester laminates. For most general-purpose polyesters, methacrylate-containing silane coupling agents are often used. In typical filled polyester castings, various fillers and methacryloyloxy-functional silanes can be used to improve performance to varying degrees.

Epoxy Resins Many silanes are quite effective for epoxy resins, but some general guidelines can be developed to select the most suitable silane for a particular system. The reactivity of the coupling agent is at least comparable to that of the particular curing system used for the epoxy resin.

For epoxy resins containing glycidyl functional groups, it is obvious that glycidoxypropyl silane is suitable. For alicyclic epoxides or epoxy resins cured with acid anhydrides, alicyclic silane is recommended.

In practical applications, the application mechanism of silane coupling agents is not always clear, but it can be selected in combination with application experience. For example, the use of silanes with primary amine groups can make room temperature-curing epoxy resins obtain the best performance, but cannot be used. Silane containing chloropropyl functional group for epoxy resin cured by acid anhydride is a very reliable coupling agent for epoxy resin cured at high temperature, and methacrylate-containing silanes are effective coupling agents for dicyandiamide-cured epoxy resins.

Phenolic resin silane coupling agents can be used to improve almost all phenolic resin-containing composites. Aminosilanes can be used with phenolic resin binders for fiberglass insulation, with resorcinol-formaldehyde resins in resorcinol-formaldehyde-latex dips, or with phenolic resins for fiberglass tire cords. Furan resin and phenolic resin are used as binders for metal foundry sand cores. Aminosilane and phenolic resin are used together to fix the sand layer in oil wells.

2. Silane coupling agent for thermoplastic resin

Thermoplastic Resins Treating particulate inorganic fillers with silanes can significantly improve the rheological properties of filled thermoplastic resins and protect the fillers from mechanical damage during high shear operations such as compounding extrusion or injection molding.

Polyolefins Filled polyethylene for extrusion cable cladding can be modified with silane to improve the electrical insulation properties of the composite in wet conditions.

Engineering thermoplastics are suitable for organofunctional silanes in epoxy resins and also work well in inorganic filler-filled nylons. Aminosilanes can be used in a large number of thermoplastics, such as ABS, acetal resins, nylon, polycarbonate, polysulfone, polystyrene, polyester, polyvinyl chloride, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers, and the like.

Elastomers have used silanes in rubber to treat carbon black, silica and other inorganic fillers for many years. Silane coupling agents have been widely used in rubber products such as radial tires, rubber rollers, and high-grade shoe soles, and sulfur-containing silanes have become an indispensable treatment agent in these rubber formulations.

Studies have shown that after adding silane to various types of rubber, with the increase of bond strength, other properties also change accordingly, and the changes vary with the type of rubber.